EARLY RELEASE, CASTING & SCOOPING

Any dysfunction of the lower body is often the root cause of upper body dysfunctions.
The following limitations are usually at the origin of this swing characteristic.

These swing deficiencies can be caused by a variety of issues from path to body action such as Over-the-Top or a limited shoulder mobility. An over-dominance of the upper body during the downswing throws the club outside of the normal swing plane. The Over-the-Top swing path fault [outside to in] leads to the wrist being forced into Casting/Scooping mechanics and feeding the Chicken Winging fault as well. 

A reduced wrist mobility could also be at the origin of these swing deficiencies. The reasons could be forearm/wrist injuries, Repetitive Strain Injuries, Osteoarthritis, etc. Weak grip and forearm strength could also be associated to a nerve compression/inflammation, such as Thoracic Outlet, Carpal Tunnel, Pronator Teres and Tarsal Tunnel Syndromes, Guyon's Canal and de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.

Positive "Wrist Four Ways" Test: Wrist Flexion Test, Wrist Extension Test, Wrist Hinge (radial-ulnar deviation) Test.

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Any Hip Rotation or Extension Mobility Dysfunction can cause the player to be Over-the-Top or Chicken Winging. Which can be at the origin of Early Release, Casting and Scooping.

Positive Tests: “Pelvic Rotation”, Seated and Prone Hip Rotation, FABER, Modified Thomas Test.

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Reduced overall spinal flexibility and mobility can also be at the origin of Over-the-Top or Chicken Winging. Which can be at the origin of Early Release, Casting and Scooping.

Positive Tests: “Seated Trunk Rotation”, “Torso Rotation".

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Insufficient weight shift: A lack of strength/power (hip/leg), a weight bearing Hip Rotation/Extension/Flexion Motor Control Dysfunction can also cause the player to be Over-the-Top or Chicken Winging. Which can be at the origin of Early Release, Casting and Scooping.

Positive Tests: “Lower Quarter Rotation” , “Single Leg Balance”, “Bridge w/ Leg Extension”

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A core Stability and Motor Control Dysfunction and a Lumbar Spine Flexion Mobility Dysfunction (weak core) can be at the origin of Over-the-Top or Chicken Winging. Which can be at the origin of Early Release, Casting and Scooping. Sufficient core stabilisation is needed in order to do a proper weight shift.

Positive Tests: “Bridge w/ Leg Extension”, Passive Lumbar Lock Extension/Rotation, Half Kneeling Narrow Base, Prone Rocking.

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Either shoulder Mobility Dysfunction (more so rotation) including a "Flying Elbow" can be at the origin of these swing deficiencies.

Positive Tests: "90/90",“Reach, Roll and Lift", "Lat", Prone Shoulder External Rotation Test.